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+---
+title: multi-room audio
+subtitle: Audio, in rooms. Multiple rooms.
+date: 2020-04-08
+---
+{% extends 'templates/base.html' %}
+{% block body %}
+	<nav>
+		<a href='/projects'>&gt; projects</a>
+	</nav>
+
+	<header>
+		<h1>{{ title }}</h1>
+		<p>{{ subtitle }}</p>
+	</header>
+
+	<article>
+	{% markdown %}
+	I briefly tried using [PulseAudio over the network](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PulseAudio/Examples#PulseAudio_over_network), but decided to use [Snapcast](https://github.com/badaix/snapcast) instead.
+	Snapcast seems to be more tolerant of network issues, doesn't require installing PulseAudio on otherwise headless machines, and has pretty good synchronization between rooms.
+
+	A Snapcast installation is split into one _Snapserver_ and multiple _Snapclients_.
+	Audio comes in to the Snapserver from one or more sources, and is broadcast out to the Snapclients, with a minor delay for synchronization.
+
+	On the machine being the Snapserver, install the `snapserver` package from APT, and configure its audio sources.
+	This snippet configures two sources:
+
+	- For [MPD controlled by UPnP](https://www.lesbonscomptes.com/upmpdcli/), it
+	    - reads from a named pipe at `/tmp/snapfifo`,
+	    - and presents it in the Snapcast UI as `UPnP`.
+	- For [AirPlay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirPlay), it
+	    - starts the binary `/usr/bin/shairport-sync`,
+	    - presents it in the UI as `AirPlay`,
+	    - sets it to use 44.1Khz output instead of 48Khz,
+	    - and logs `shairport-sync`'s stderr.
+	    - `shairport-sync` itself is configured to output audio to its stdout.
+
+	```sh
+	$ cat /etc/default/snapserver
+	SNAPSERVER_OPTS="--stream pipe:///tmp/snapfifo?name=UPnP --stream process:///usr/bin/shairport-sync?name=AirPlay&sampleformat=44100:16:2&log_stderr=true"
+	```
+
+	On all the machines being Snapclients, install the `snapclient` package, and configure their human-readable names.
+	For example, for the Snapclient in my living room:
+
+	```sh
+	$ cat /etc/default/snapcast
+	SNAPCLIENT_OPTS="--hostID 'Living Room'"
+	```
+
+	## Control
+
+	I primarily control Snapcast using a [CatBus](/catbus) daemon.
+
+	In addition, I have configured both `shairport-sync` and `upmpdcli` to switch Snapcast to their respective input when they start playing.
+	{% endmarkdown %}
+	</article>
+{% endblock %}